@view-transition{navigation:auto}
:root{--bg:#102b2c;--surface:#173536;--surface-2:#1d3d3d;--ink:#f3f0e6;--muted:#becbc3;--subtle:#96afa6;--line:#385354;--accent:#e8b76c;--serif:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;--sans:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--ease:cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1);color-scheme:dark}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.65 var(--sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--bg)}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,input{font:inherit}button{color:inherit;cursor:pointer}button,a,input,summary{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button{background:none;border:0}button:disabled{cursor:default}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}svg{display:block}h1,h2,h3,p,figure{margin:0}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;line-height:1.13}h1{font-size:clamp(3.6rem,7vw,6.8rem);letter-spacing:-.045em}h2{font-size:clamp(2.25rem,4vw,3.45rem);letter-spacing:-.035em}h3{font-size:1.65rem;letter-spacing:-.02em}em{font-weight:400;color:var(--accent)}p{color:var(--muted)}a,button,summary{touch-action:manipulation}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:6px;border-radius:2px}a:focus-visible .marker-ring{r:13}a,button{transition:color .2s,background .2s,border-color .2s,transform .4s var(--ease)}[hidden]{display:none!important}.wrap{width:min(1320px,calc(100% - 100px));margin-inline:auto}.eyebrow{display:block;font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);line-height:1.5}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:24px;padding:12px 20px;background:var(--accent);color:var(--bg);z-index:100}.skip-link:focus{top:12px}.site-header{height:100px;padding:0 42px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;z-index:10;background:var(--bg)}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-shrink:0}.brand>span{font:1.32rem/1.2 var(--serif)}.brand small{display:block;margin-top:8px;font:9px/1 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.21em}.brand img{transition:transform 700ms var(--ease)}.brand:hover img,.brand:focus-visible img{transform:rotate(45deg)}.desktop-nav{display:flex;gap:30px}.desktop-nav a{font-size:.85rem;padding:12px 0;position:relative;color:var(--muted)}.desktop-nav a:after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:4px;left:0;right:100%;height:1px;background:var(--accent);transition:right .35s var(--ease)}.desktop-nav a:hover,.desktop-nav a:focus-visible,.desktop-nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--ink)}.desktop-nav a:hover:after,.desktop-nav a[aria-current]:after{right:0}.header-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px}.search-trigger{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:.875rem;min-height:44px}.search-trigger svg{width:19px;stroke:currentColor;fill:none;stroke-width:1.4}.search-trigger:hover{color:var(--accent)}kbd{font:12px/1.4 var(--sans);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;color:var(--muted)}.menu-toggle{display:none;min-height:44px;padding:8px}.menu-toggle span{margin-left:8px;color:var(--accent)}.mobile-nav{padding:24px 36px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface)}.mobile-nav>div{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 0}.mobile-nav a{display:block;min-height:44px;padding:8px}.mobile-nav .mobile-civ{padding-left:25px;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted)}.js-only{display:none}.js .js-only{display:flex}
.home-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:25px;min-height:740px;padding-block:65px 35px;align-items:center}.hero-copy{position:relative;z-index:1}.hero-copy>.eyebrow{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.19em}.hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(5rem,8.25vw,8.3rem);line-height:.94;letter-spacing:-.052em}.hero-copy h1 span,.hero-copy h1 em{display:block}.hero-copy h1 em{margin-top:10px}.hero-period{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;max-width:292px;margin-top:32px;color:var(--accent);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.45rem;letter-spacing:.08em}.period-line{height:1px;background:var(--accent);opacity:.5;flex:1;transform-origin:left;animation:line-in 1.6s var(--ease)}.hero-description{max-width:385px;margin-top:24px;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.8}.primary-link{display:inline-flex;min-height:54px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:45px;margin-top:30px;background:var(--accent);color:#102b2c;padding:12px 22px;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:600;border:1px solid var(--accent)}.primary-link:hover,.primary-link:focus-visible{background:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink);transform:translateY(-3px)}.plus{font-size:24px;font-weight:400;transition:transform .4s var(--ease)}.primary-link:hover .plus{transform:rotate(90deg)}.hero-index{display:flex;gap:27px;margin-top:45px;align-items:center}.hero-index>span{font:1.25rem/1.2 var(--serif);color:var(--ink)}.hero-index small{display:block;font:9px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.11em;color:var(--subtle);margin-top:8px}.hero-geography{position:relative;padding-top:2px;transform:translate3d(var(--px,0px),var(--py,0px),0);transition:transform .6s var(--ease)}.atlas-map{position:relative;contain:layout style}.atlas-map svg{width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible}.map-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;color:var(--subtle);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.13em;margin-bottom:10px}.map-land{fill:#294849;stroke:#294849;stroke-width:1.2;stroke-linejoin:round}.equator{stroke:var(--subtle);stroke-dasharray:4 5;stroke-width:.7;opacity:.35}.geo-label{fill:var(--subtle);font:8px var(--sans);letter-spacing:.12em}.ocean-label{fill:#78968e;font:italic 12px var(--serif);letter-spacing:.16em}.map-marker{--marker:var(--accent);cursor:pointer}.marker-hit{fill:transparent}.marker-core{fill:var(--marker)}.marker-ring{fill:var(--bg);stroke:var(--marker);stroke-width:1;transition:r .4s var(--ease),fill .4s}.marker-text{fill:var(--ink);font:13px var(--sans);paint-order:stroke;stroke:var(--bg);stroke-width:3px;stroke-linejoin:round;transition:fill .3s}.map-ripple{fill:none;stroke:var(--marker);stroke-width:.7;opacity:.28;transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:center;animation:map-pulse 4s ease-in-out infinite;animation-delay:var(--delay)}.map-marker:hover .marker-ring,.map-marker:focus-visible .marker-ring{r:12;fill:var(--marker)}.map-marker:hover .marker-core,.map-marker:focus-visible .marker-core{fill:var(--bg)}.map-marker:hover .marker-text,.map-marker:focus-visible .marker-text{fill:var(--marker)}.map-marker:focus-visible{outline:none}.compass{stroke:#809990;fill:none;stroke-width:1}.compass text{fill:var(--muted);stroke:none;font:11px var(--sans)}.atlas-map figcaption{max-width:460px;margin-top:8px;font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--subtle)}.map-footnote{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:.75rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:16px}.map-dot{width:6px;height:6px;background:var(--accent);border-radius:50%}.chapter-strip{border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:23px 0}.chapter-strip>.wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.24em;color:var(--subtle)}.intro-section{padding-block:95px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:60px}.intro-section h2{margin-bottom:28px;max-width:700px}.intro-section p{max-width:760px;margin-top:18px;font-size:1rem}.intro-section>.eyebrow{padding-top:10px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:30px;margin-bottom:36px}.section-heading .eyebrow{margin-bottom:12px}.section-meta{max-width:240px;color:var(--subtle);font-size:.75rem;text-align:right}.text-link{display:inline-block;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--accent);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:4px 0;line-height:1.7}.text-link:hover,.text-link:focus-visible{border-color:var(--accent)}.regions-section{padding-block:55px 85px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:30px}.region-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);border-left:1px solid var(--line)}.region-card{--card-accent:var(--accent);position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:320px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:0;padding:30px 23px 26px;background:var(--surface);overflow:hidden}.region-card:before{content:'';height:3px;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;background:var(--card-accent);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform .6s var(--ease)}.region-card:hover:before,.region-card:focus-visible:before{transform:scaleX(1)}.region-card:hover,.region-card:focus-visible{background:var(--surface-2);transform:translateY(-6px)}.region-number{font:2.15rem/1 var(--serif);color:var(--card-accent);margin-bottom:34px}.region-card .eyebrow{font-size:9px;color:var(--subtle);letter-spacing:.12em}.region-card h3{font-size:1.85rem;margin-top:9px}.region-card p{font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.7;margin-top:17px;max-width:220px}.region-names{font-size:.7rem;color:var(--subtle);margin-top:auto;padding-top:28px;line-height:1.7}.civilizations-section{padding-block:30px 90px}.civ-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px}.civilization-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:25px 28px;min-height:285px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.civilization-card:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:3px;height:100%;background:var(--card-accent);transform:scaleY(0);transform-origin:bottom;transition:transform .5s var(--ease)}.civilization-card:hover:before,.civilization-card:focus-visible:before{transform:scaleY(1)}.civilization-card:hover,.civilization-card:focus-visible{background:var(--surface);border-color:#59706b;transform:translateY(-5px)}.card-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:28px}.card-top .eyebrow{color:var(--card-accent);font-size:.65rem}.card-number{font:1.7rem/1 var(--serif);color:#69847c}.civilization-card h3{font-size:2.05rem;margin-bottom:15px}.civilization-card p{font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.75;max-width:380px}.card-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:20px;font-size:.65rem;color:var(--subtle);margin-top:auto;padding-top:24px}.card-enter{white-space:nowrap;color:var(--card-accent);font-size:.75rem}.card-enter span{display:inline-block;margin-left:8px;transition:transform .4s}.civilization-card:hover .card-enter span{transform:rotate(90deg)}.chronology-section{padding-block:70px 85px;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.section-intro{max-width:700px;font-size:.95rem;margin-bottom:40px}.timeline{position:relative;border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:25px;margin-left:9px}.timeline:before{content:'';position:absolute;width:1px;left:-1px;top:0;bottom:0;background:var(--accent);transform-origin:top;opacity:.8}.timeline.motion-ready:before{animation:timeline-draw 1.8s var(--ease) both}.timeline-event{position:relative;margin-bottom:30px}.timeline-event:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.timeline-event:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:-30px;top:12px;width:9px;height:9px;border:1px solid var(--accent);border-radius:50%;background:var(--bg);transition:background .25s,box-shadow .25s}.timeline-event[open]:before{background:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 5px var(--bg)}.timeline-event summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:8px;min-height:44px}.timeline-event summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.timeline-date{color:var(--accent);font:1.3rem/1.3 var(--serif);grid-column:1}.timeline-title{font:1.05rem/1.45 var(--sans);grid-column:1}.timeline-toggle{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/3;color:var(--subtle);font-size:20px;align-self:center}.timeline-event:not([open]) .timeline-toggle{font-size:0}.timeline-event:not([open]) .timeline-toggle:after{content:'+';font-size:20px}.timeline-detail{padding-top:12px}.timeline-detail p{font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.75}.timeline-detail .text-link{margin-top:8px}.cross-timeline{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:45px 50px;border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:35px 0 0;margin:0}.cross-timeline:before{width:100%;height:1px;top:-1px;bottom:auto;left:0;transform-origin:left}.cross-timeline.motion-ready:before{animation:line-in 1.8s var(--ease) both}.cross-timeline .timeline-event{margin:0;padding-top:10px}.cross-timeline .timeline-event:before{left:0;top:-40px}.cross-timeline .timeline-event:nth-child(n+4):before{top:-10px}.citation{color:var(--accent);font:.72rem/1.6 var(--sans);display:inline-block;vertical-align:super;padding:0 2px;border-radius:2px}.citation:hover,.citation:focus-visible{color:var(--bg);background:var(--accent);transform:translateY(-2px)}.references{padding-block:65px 80px}.references h2{font-size:2.1rem}.source-list{padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px 45px;margin:24px 0 0}.source-list li{display:flex;gap:15px;align-items:flex-start;scroll-margin-top:30px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.source-list li:target{background:var(--surface);outline:1px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:8px}.ref-number{font:1rem var(--serif);color:var(--accent);min-width:22px;margin-top:2px}.source-list a{font-size:.825rem;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block}.source-list a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.source-list p{font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.6;margin-top:7px;color:var(--subtle)}.external{color:var(--accent)}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:22px}.footer-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:35px;align-items:flex-start;padding-bottom:55px}.footer-brand{font:1.75rem/1.1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.02em}.footer-brand span{display:block;margin-top:12px;color:var(--accent);font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:.04em}.footer-top>p{font-size:.825rem;line-height:1.8}.footer-controls{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:15px;font-size:.8rem}.motion-toggle{padding:9px 13px;border:1px solid var(--line);min-height:44px;gap:9px;align-items:center}.motion-toggle:before{content:'Ⅱ';font-size:12px;color:var(--accent)}.motion-toggle[aria-pressed=true]:before{content:'▷'}.motion-toggle:hover{border-color:var(--accent);background:var(--surface)}.footer-bottom{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:19px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;font-size:.65rem;color:var(--subtle)}
.breadcrumbs{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.8;color:var(--subtle);padding-top:26px}.breadcrumbs a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.breadcrumbs [aria-current]{color:var(--muted)}.civilization-hero{padding-block:55px 45px}.civilization-hero>.eyebrow span{margin:0 12px;color:var(--subtle)}.civ-title-row{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:40px;margin-top:15px}.chapter-number{font:5.7rem/1 var(--serif);color:var(--line);letter-spacing:-.06em}.page-dek{font:1.2rem/1.7 var(--sans);max-width:770px;margin-top:25px}.topic-nav-wrap{border-block:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);position:relative}.topic-nav{display:flex;gap:36px;justify-content:space-between}.topic-nav a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:70px;font-size:.8rem;position:relative;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}.topic-nav a>span{font-size:.65rem;color:var(--subtle)}.topic-nav a:after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:-1px;left:0;right:0;height:2px;background:var(--accent);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform .4s var(--ease)}.topic-nav a[aria-current],.topic-nav a:hover{color:var(--ink)}.topic-nav a[aria-current]:after,.topic-nav a:hover:after,.topic-nav a:focus-visible:after{transform:scaleX(1)}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:80px;padding-block:65px 70px;align-items:start}.reading-column{min-width:0}.article-label{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;margin-bottom:24px}.article-label>span:last-child{font-size:.65rem;color:var(--subtle)}.article-title{font-size:2.6rem;line-height:1.18;margin-bottom:37px}.prose-section{margin-top:30px}.prose-section h3{font-size:1.45rem;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:12px;color:var(--ink)}.prose-section p{font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.9;max-width:67ch}.visual-column{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:30px;min-width:0}.visual-column .atlas-map{padding:24px 20px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface)}.compact figcaption{font-size:.7rem}.quick-facts{margin-top:40px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:25px 28px;background:var(--surface)}.quick-facts dl{margin:18px 0 0}.quick-facts dl>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:110px 1fr;gap:22px;padding:13px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.quick-facts dt{font-size:.75rem;color:var(--subtle)}.quick-facts dd{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.7;margin:0;color:var(--ink)}.locator-note{padding:2px 8px}.locator-note h3{font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:15px}.locator-note p{font-size:.85rem;margin-bottom:14px}.locator-note strong{font-weight:400;color:var(--ink)}.historical-image{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#142d2e}.historical-image img{width:100%;max-height:480px;object-fit:contain;background:#182a2a}.historical-image figcaption{padding:16px 20px;font-size:.7rem;color:var(--subtle);line-height:1.75}.historical-image figcaption a{display:block;margin-top:6px;color:var(--accent)}.timeline-panel{padding:30px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface)}.timeline-panel h2{font-size:2rem;margin:10px 0 30px}.timeline-panel .timeline-event:before{background:var(--surface)}.timeline-panel .timeline-event[open]:before{background:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 5px var(--surface)}.diagram{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px;background:var(--surface);overflow:hidden}.visual-heading h2{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.2;margin-top:10px}.diagram-nodes{margin-top:30px;display:grid;gap:17px;position:relative}.diagram-nodes:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:20px;bottom:20px;left:23px;width:1px;background:repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--accent) 0,var(--accent) 5px,transparent 5px,transparent 10px);background-size:1px 20px;animation:connection-flow 2s linear infinite}.diagram-node{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px 18px 18px 56px;position:relative;background:var(--bg);margin-left:8px;transition:border-color .4s,transform .4s}.diagram-node:hover{border-color:var(--accent);transform:translateX(4px)}.node-number{position:absolute;left:-8px;top:20px;width:35px;height:35px;display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--accent);font:1rem var(--serif);color:var(--accent)}.diagram-node h3{font-size:1.35rem;margin-bottom:9px}.diagram-node p{font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.7}.diagram figcaption{margin-top:24px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--subtle)}.topics-section{padding-block:25px 70px}.topic-preview{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.topic-preview a{padding:27px 30px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface)}.topic-preview a:hover,.topic-preview a:focus-visible{border-color:var(--accent);transform:translateY(-4px)}.topic-preview 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